Linux and Unix tutorials for new and seasoned sysadmin.
CentOS Linux: Add Static Routing
You can use any one of the following command line utility to add, delete, display, or manipulate the Linux kernel routing table on CentOS and friends:
- ip command – A CentOS Linux command line tool to print / manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels.
- route command – Older command line utility to show or manipulate the Linux kernel routing table. I suggest that you use ip command instead of route command. This command exists for historical and compatibility reasons only.
You need to edit the following configuration files for static route configuration :
- /etc/sysconfig/network – Edit this file to set default gateway IP address.
- /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-ethX – Edit this file to set additional static gateway IP address.
CentOS: Displaying current routing table
Type any one of the following command:
Sample outputs:
# netstat -nr
# route -n
# ip route listSample outputs:
Fig.01: ip command displaying current CentOS Linux routing table
Warning: It is important that you configure routing correctly over ssh based session; otherwise, you will be locked out due to wrong network configuration.
CentOS Linux add a default gateway
In this example, route all traffic via 192.168.1.254 gateway connected via eth0 network interface. The following command will set a default gateway for both internal and external network (if any):
OR
# route add default gw 192.168.1.254 eth0OR
# ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0How do I make routing changes persistent across CentOS Linux server reboots?
To set default gateway edit /etc/sysconfig/network as follows:
Sample configuration file:
# cat /etc/sysconfig/networkSample configuration file:
Save and close the file. Restart the networking service on CentOS Linux, type:
To verify new settings ping to the default gateway and external network:
# service network restart
# ip route listTo verify new settings ping to the default gateway and external network:
# ping 192.168.1.254
# ping www.cyberciti.biz
# host google.comCentOS Linux static routing config for eth1 interface
The following is a sample route-eth1 file. The default gateway set to 192.168.2.254, interface eth1. The static route is 10.10.29.65 for 10.0.0.0/8 network:
Sample configurations:
# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eth1Sample configurations:
default 192.168.2.254 dev eth1 10.0.0.0/8 via 10.10.29.65 dev eth1
Alert: For eth0 interface use /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eth0 file. Avoid setting duplicate default gateways; either use /etc/sysconfig/network or/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-ethX file. Do not use both files to configure default gateways.
A note about GUI/TUI tool
If you don’t have X windows GUI (gnome/kde desktop) installed on CentOS server / system, than type the following command at shell prompt. This method can only set the default gateway. It can not be used to set additional static routing for interface. Type the following command:
# system-config-network-tui &
Fig.01: CentOS command line network config tool (click to large)
Select your Ethernet card such as eth0 or eth1 and hit [Enter] or [F12] special key to configure IP properties for selected NIC:
Fig.02: Setting up IPv4 properties on CentOS including default gateway (click to large)
You can obtain an IP address using DHCP or setup IP address manually. Once an IP address assigned, click on the Ok button to save the changes. See how to configure networking on CentOS / RHEL / Fedora Linux tutorial for more information.
Recommended readings
- Configure Static Routes In Debian or Red Hat Enterprise Linux
- Man pages: route(8), ip(8), ping(8), netstat(8), host(1)
default via X.X.X.X dev interface